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Medical devices must be designed and manufactured to minimize risks to patients, healthcare professionals and end users. Manufacturers are responsible for demonstrating the biological safety of any patient-contacting device, regardless of the regulatory pathway or submission route.

A Foundation for Regulatory Compliance

ISO 10993-1 provides the framework for evaluating biological risks and defining appropriate testing.

Biocompatibility evaluations, planned using ISO 10993-1, generate the objective evidence needed to identify hazards, assess biological risks and determine whether chemical or biological testing is required. This evaluation supports regulatory documentation for FDA premarket submissions (510(k) and PMA), EU MDR technical documentation and other international approvals.

Hohenstein Medical provides ISO 17025-accredited and GLP-compliant testing, along with scientific expertise, to design targeted biocompatibility strategies. With one partner for planning, testing and interpretation, you gain a clear and defensible path to FDA, EU and global market approval.

Why Biocompatibility Matters

Biocompatibility ensures the device is safe for patients.

Biocompatibility evaluates how a medical device interacts with the body, including materials and any manufacturing or sterilization residues that could cause harmful biological responses during intended use.

A complete evaluation confirms that the finished device will not trigger irritation, sensitization or systemic effects. When this work is overlooked or incomplete, patients face preventable biological risks, and manufacturers face regulatory delays, test failures, redesigns and potential market withdrawal.

ISO 10993 requires a risk-based approach to determine what must be tested and what can be justified with existing data. A well-planned biocompatibility program helps build a defensible biological safety case for FDA, EU MDR and global submissions.

Biological Safety Testing Framework

ISO 10993-1:

  • Defines the evaluation and testing within a risk management process
  • Provides the decision table of biological endpoints by device category and contact type
  • Is the framework for biological safety assessment used in both FDA and EU MDR submissions

Medical device biocompatibility follows a structured process

  1. A Biological Evaluation Plan (BEP) defines risks and data gaps
  2. If the BEP shows gaps, biological endpoint testing addresses potential hazards
    Depending on the device, this may first require extractables and leachables (E&L) studies followed by a toxicological risk assessment (TRA)
  3. The Biological Evaluation Report (BER) compiles all evidence to confirm biological safety and regulatory compliance

When to Engage a Biocompatibility Expert

Early: to reduce risk, cost and submission delays.

Engaging an expert early in development helps you:

  • Select materials with established safety information
  • Identify biological risks before they affect testing
  • Define the finished device for ISO 10993 planning
  • Clarify which endpoints require testing and which can be supported with existing data
  • Streamline development of the biological evaluation plan (BEP) and support FDA and EU MDR submission strategy
  • Align engineering, regulatory and quality teams around a consistent device profile

Early planning reduces the likelihood of unexpected biological responses, supports predictable timelines and improves the efficiency of the overall evaluation.

Tests for Biological Safety of Medical Devices

Our testing portfolio delivers the biocompatibility data and documentation required for global market approval.
Pre-market

Pre-Market Submission Support

  • Material Selection Validation - Confirm biological safety for 510(k), PMA, De Novo and EU MDR submissions
  • Toxicological Risk Assessment (TRA) - Biological safety evaluation using ISO 10993-17 and ICH guidelines
  • Material Performance Analysis - Test properties after aging, degradation and real-world use
  • Cleaning & Reprocessing Validation - ISO 17664 protocols recognized by regulators worldwide
Post-market

Post-Market Compliance & Monitoring

  • Ongoing Safety Monitoring - Product performance and safety assessment per global post-market surveillance requirements
  • Multi-Market Documentation - FDA, EU MDR and international filing requirements
  • Quality System Integration - Alignment with FDA QSR, ISO 13485 and global quality standards
Biological Assessment

In-Vitro Biological Safety Testing

Testing for Cytotoxic, Allergenic and Irritant Effects

We provide GLP-compliant testing that reduces the need for animal studies. Services include:

  • ISO 10993-5: Cytotoxicity testing
    Cell culture assays for cytotoxic substances
  • ISO 10993-10, Annex C: Sensitization testing
    In-chemico and in-vitro methods (DPRA, KeratinoSens™, U-SENS™)
  • ISO 10993-23: Irritation testing
    Human 3D skin model for irritation potential
  • HET-CAM (DB-ALM Method No. 96): Skin irritation and mucosal damage testing
    Validated alternative to animal irritation models
  • DIN EN ISO 10993-12: Sample preparation
    Standardized extraction and test protocols
Chemical Characterization

Chemical Characterization of Medical Device Materials

ISO 10993-18

Understanding which substances may be released from your device materials is essential for FDA, EU MDR and other global submissions. Our GLP-certified, ISO/IEC 17025–accredited lab performs extractables and leachables testing (E&L) with advanced analytical methods to support toxicological risk assessment and biological evaluation.

Ageing & Storage

Ageing and Shelf Life in Biocompatibility

Device safety extends beyond initial testing. Materials can change over time due to storage, transport or sterilization, which may alter their biological response. As part of a biocompatibility strategy, ageing and shelf-life studies provide evidence that your device will continue to meet ISO 10993 requirements throughout its intended lifecycle.

  • Regulatory bodies expect biocompatibility to reflect the entire shelf life of a device
  • Chemical and physical changes may impact cytotoxicity, sensitization or irritation outcomes
  • Ageing studies support both risk assessment and regulatory submissions
Ventilators

Biocompatibility of Respiratory Gas Pathways

ISO 18562 Series

ISO 18562 provides a clear framework for evaluating the biological safety of breathing-gas pathways in respiratory and inhalation devices

ISO 18562-1 describes how manufacturers classify gas pathways, review existing data and select the appropriate tests within a risk-management process.

Test Methods of Breathing Gas Pathways:

  • ISO 18562-2: Particle emissions
  • ISO 18562-3: Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions
  • ISO 18562-4: Leachables in condensates

These methods align with ISO 18562-1 to support FDA, EU MDR and global respiratory-device submissions.

GLP and ISO Certified Biocompatibility Lab

Hohenstein is ISO/IEC 17025 accredited and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) certified for biological, chemical and physical testing. This ensures validated methods, reliable data and regulatory-accepted reports for FDA, EU MDR and other global submissions.
GLP-certified laboratory logo indicating Hohenstein's compliance with Good Laboratory Practice for medical device testing
Contact
Katie Brinkman
Medical Device Program Manager
Hohenstein Medical